Dengue and Severe Dengue

Overview

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection predominant in tropical climates such as Bangladesh. While there is no specific cure for dengue, the effects of this illness can, in some cases, be fatal. The World Health Organization highlighted dengue as a major concern in 2019, and recent outbreaks have emphasized its ongoing impact in many regions including Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh and worldwide, Dengue outbreaks are most common during or after the rainy seasons. Numerous factors contribute to this rise including high mosquito density, different virus strains, and other environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature.

What are the Symptoms?

Dengue usually presents as a feverish illness, with symptoms appearing 4–10 days after a mosquito bite. These symptoms, which can range from none at all to severe, can be different for individuals and often mimic those of the flu. Let’s have a look at the common symptoms.

Common signs include:

  • Fever
  • Headaches
  • Pain behind the eyes
  • Muscle and joint pain
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Skin rashes
  • Fatigue

What is the Treatment?

As dengue progresses, some patients may develop serious complications, including respiratory issues, bleeding from the gums and nose, and a sudden drop in blood pressure that can lead to shock, which can be fatal without timely treatment.

Globally, the incidence of dengue has risen significantly, with cases increasing by 400% from 2000 to 2013. Every year, there are an estimated 100 million symptomatic cases and about 300 million asymptomatic infections worldwide, with Asia accounting for the majority (75%) of cases, followed by Latin America and Africa.

Currently, there are no specific vaccines or antiviral treatments for dengue fever. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, and paracetamol is recommended to reduce fever. Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen should be avoided.

Recovering from an infection with one strain of the dengue virus provides lifelong immunity to that strain, but only temporary protection against the others.

What are the Preventive Measures?

  • Use aerosol or mosquito repellent
  • Use mosquito nets
  • Wear long-sleeved clothing
  • Dispose of any stagnant water
  • Prevent water buildup

Source: World Health Organization (WHO): Dengue and Severe Dengue